Signaling method and system



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R. V. L. HARTLEY SIGNALING METHOD AND SYSTEM Filed May 19 1921 ml, 2 11926., LWQEMZE R. V. L. HARTLEY SIGNALING METHOD AND SYSTEM Filed May 19, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2

Patented Nov. 2, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

RALPH V. L. HARTLEY, "OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SIGNALING nn'rn'on' AND SYSTEM.

Application me my 19,.1921. Serial no. 470357.

This invention relates to signaling systems and more particularly it relates to secret signaling methods and systems.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a signaling method and system whereby signals, such as telephone signals,

may be transmitted without danger of the signals being understood by persons not' equipped with special receiving apparatus.

Other objects of this invention will be apparent from the detailed description of this invention hereinafter given. v

The preferred embodiment of this inven tion by means of which the objects of this invention are attained employs a telegraphone tape at both the transmitting and receiving stations. A plurality of recording magnets sequentially responsive in an arbitrary order to the source of signals, are preferably moved in the same direction as the direction of motion of the telegraphone tape with a velocity greater than the velocity of the tape. The reproducing magnet which impresses the signal waves upon the outgoing line will then not only receive the portions of the signal waves in an arbitrary order but will also receive each portion, of the signal waves in reverse order from that in which they were generated. Still further complications may be introduced if desired by providing cam mechanisin for giving an irregular movement to the reproducing magnet whereby the f requcncy of the signals is varied in an arbitrary manner. The receivingapparatus for such distorted signals would comprise similar apparatus except that the recording magnet would be given an irregular movement in'synchronism with the reproducing magnet of the transmitting station and a plurality of reproducing magnets would be sequentially responsive to the magnetic record in the same "manner as the recording magnets of the transmitting station. Synchronizing means, of course, should be provided for insuring absolute synchronism at the two stations.

This invention will be better understood.

by reference to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1, represents an embodiment of this invention ceiving device.

whfch may be either a transmitting apparatus or a receiving apparatus; and Fig. 2 represents schematically, how two-way signaling may be obtained and employing app ai'atu's of the type shown in Fig. 1; and g. 3 represents a top view of a portion of Fig. 1. s previously stated, this invention preferably employs a telegraphone tape at both the transmitting and receiving stations whereby a magnetic record of the signals is made prior to impressing the signalsupon the outgoing line and a similar magnetic record is made at the receiving station before impressing the signals upon the re- The block 10 of Fig. 1 is intended at a transmittings'tation to represent a source of signals such as a telephone transmitter, which, by a perforated tape 11 is adapted to be connected by one of the leads 12 to 17 inclusive and other connections hereinafter described to one of the rotating pairs of recording magnets 18 to 23 inclusive, whereby a magnetic record of the signals may be made upon the telegraphone tape 24. Inasmuch as the per-- forated tape 11 is adapted to connect the transmitting device 10 in an arbitrary order to the recording magnets 18 to 23" inelusive, it follows that the signals will be recorded on the telegraphone in portions of the signal waves in a different order than they were generated by the transmitting device 10. The telegraphone tape 24 asses over two pulleys or disks 25 and 26, dlsk 25 being mounted on a shaft 27 which is driven by a suitable source of power such as a motor 28 in a counterclockwise direction. Associated with tape 24 is a reproducing magnet 30 for changing the magnetic record on tape 24 to variations in the electric cur rent in the outgoing line 31.

In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the recording magnets 18 to 23 inclusive, are rotated about shaft 27 at a speed twice the speed of rotation of disk 25 whereby the recording magnets travel in the same direction as the telegraphone tape but with twice the speed. lVhen, therefore, transtelegraphone tape is impressed on the tape in the opposite direction to themanner 1t would be impressed thereon if the recording magnets were stationary, for example It follows, therefore, that as tape 24 passes the reproducing magnet 30, each segment of the signals impressed on thetape by one of the recording magnets is actually transmitted to line 31 in reverse order with resgiect to the order the signals were generate by source 10. I

If desired, the signals before being impressed on the outgoing line 31 may be. still further distorted by having the reproducing magnet 30 moved cyclically in an irregular manner whereby the frequency of the signals is varied. As shown in the drawing, reproducing magnet 30 is attached to an arm 33, the other end of which is adapted to travel in a grooved path 34 in disk 32 whereby the reproducing ma net 30'is given the irregular motion desire Y The above description of the manner in which the apparatusof Fig. 1 ogiarates, will be better understood by the 0 owin detailed description. The transmitting eviee 10 is shown connected by a lead 36 to a stationary block 37 of conducting material. Contact fingers 38 to 43 inclusive, are adapted to contact with block 37 whenever the perforations of tape 11 permit. It is desirable, of course, that only one of the con tact fingers should make electrical connection with block 37 at one time. The leads 12 to 17 inclusive from the contact fingersare con- 1 nected to a plurality of brushes 45 which are in electrical contact with a plurality of slip rings 46. Each of the shp rings 46 (Fig. 3) is connected through one of the recording magnets 18 to 23 inclusive to the slip ring 35, brush 44, to battery 58 and ground. Inasmuch as this connection is similar for each of the slip rings only the I an connections through magnets 20 and23 are shown in detail'in Fig. 3. The connection between lead '14 through magnet 20 to battery may be traced through one of the slip rings 46, conductor 47, one of the windings of magnet 20, conductor 48, the circular strip 49 of conducting material mounted on a rotatable disk 51, a contact finger 50fcarried by disk 25, a corresponding circular metallic strip 52 on a disk 53, conductor 54, winding of other part of magnet 20, conductor 55, slip ring 35 to battery 58. In a similar manner, the connection of lead 17 may be traced through magnet 23 to battery 58 and ground. It will hereafter be assumed that leads 12, 13, 15 and 16 are similarly connected throu h magnets 18, 19, 21 and 22 respectively to battery 58. Since, at-

the particular instant illustrated in the,

drawm (Fig. 1) contact finger 39 is in contact wit block 37, it follows that the 'trans-- mitting device 10 is adapted to impress signaling currents therefrom upon the record one of the slip rings 46, to a connection (not shown) through magnet 19, and slip ring 35 to battery 58 and ground. As long, therefore, as contact finger 39 is in contact with the block 37 it follows that the signals from source 10 will be recorded on the telegraphone tape 24 by the recording magnet 19. After the perforation 56 hasbeen passed over, perforation 57 will allow contact finger 41 to contact with block 37 thereby connecting the transmitting device 10 through lead 15 to magnet 21, so that magnet 21 re cords the-signals on the telegraphone tape. The subsequent perforations 60, 61, 62 and 79 will allow contact fingers 38, 43, 40, and 42 to cause magnets 18, 23, 20, and 22 to be energized respectively by the source of signals 10, after which the six recording magnets may be energized in another cycle in the order outlined above,namel 19, 21, 18, 23, 20 and 22. It has been foun that when the six recording magnets are operated in this sequence, each'belng energized long enough circle circumscribed by the magnets, that all of the message from source 10 will be recorded on tape '24 x'vithout overlapping the portions of the signal waves of the record. If we assume that the recorded portions of the signal waves are generated at source 10 in the order of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. the order in which these segments will be impressed on outgoing line 31 on account of the arrangement of the perforations in the tape 11 will be 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 1, 12,3, 14,

16, 31, etc. It is to be understood of 'course that this invention is not limited to the particular cycle in which the magnets are energized as described above. It has been found satisfactory for example to energize magnets 18 to 23 inclusive in the following order: 22, 18,21, 20, 23, 19. It is also obvious that if desired the perforations in the tape 11 need not all be of the same length but each may be of a different length thereby increasing the confusion.

' The manner in which the recording pairs of magnets 18 to 23 inclusive, are rotated in the same direction as the rotation of the telegraphone. tape but at twice the speed, may be explained as follows. The disk 63 (Fig, 3) upon which one of each pair of the recording magnets are mounted is fastened to a sleeve 64 which is capable of being rotated at a speed different than the speed of the shaft 27. Shaft 27 is driven by motor 28 by means of the three gears 66, 67, and 68, gear 66 being rigidly mounted on shaft 27.

The sleeve 64 however is drivenby motor 28 by means of gears 69, 70, and 71, the latter of which is rigidly fastened to sleeve 64. The set of gears 69, 70, and 71 should be so designed that disk 63 which carries-the magnets is rotated at twice the speed but in the same direction as disk which carries the telegraphone tape. leeve' 72 which is attached to the other magnet carrying disk 73 should be similarly geared to rotate disk 73 at the same speed as disk '63. Disks 51 and 53 which carry the circular strips of conducting material are also mounted respec-- tively on sleeves 64 and 72. It therefore It is obvious'thatdisks 63 and 73 may 'carry as many recording magnets asdesired although only six are shown in Fig.1.

If desired, the perforated tape 11 may be driven by the source of power 28. As shown in Fig. 1, the tape 11 is stretched between two rollers 75 and 76, the: roller 75 being suitably geared to the shaft 7 8, which is driven by motor 28.

In order that telegraphone wire 24 may contact with more than half of the circumference of disk 25, it may be found preferable to employ a plurality of rollers 80 and 81. Such an arrangement obviously increases the range over which any of the recording magnets may be energized to pro-.

duce a magnetic record on the wire 24. For

obliterating the magnetic record on the wire 24 after it has been recorded by one of the magnets and reproduced by the magnet 30 a suitable wiper magnet 83 is provided.

The apparatus of Fig. 1 has been described above as to how the system would operate for the transmission of signals. The system of Fig. 1, however, will operate equally well as a receiver of the distorted signals. If the arrangement of Fig. 1 is to be used at a receiving station, block 10 should represent a suitable receiving device such as a telehone receiver. The incoming currents from ine 31 impressed: onthe' recording magnet 30-would cause a magnetic record of the incomingsignals to' be made on-the telegraphone tape 24.- and magnet 30 being given an irregular motion by an arm 33 similar to the motion given to thereproducing magnet at the record made on the the sending station,

be with telegraphone wire would, therefore,

. out the distortion produced by the irregular motion given the reproducing magnet at the transmitting station. The magnets 18 to 23 would constitute reproducing magnets and each of the magnets 18 to 23 inclusive, would, b a perforation in tape 11 driven in syncliron' ism with a corresponding perforated prises dividing the signals into arbitrary tape at the transmitting station, be connected 'the receiving device 1O.- It is ObVlOllS, of

to a receiving device 10 sequentially in such an order that the receivin device 10 receives the signals in the order t 1ey were originally generated at the transmitting station. The reproducing magnets 18 to 23 inclusive, of course, should be driven in synehronism with the recording magnets of the receiving station and at twice the speed of the motion of the telegraphone wire. It follows, therefore, that if the motor 28 at a receiving station is properly synchronized with a similar motor at'a transmitting station, the device of Fig. 1 will serve to remove the distortion from the signals and render them intelligible in so course, that the wiper magnet 80, in case the apparatus of Fig. 1 is employed at a receiving station, should be so positioned as to wipe out the magnetic record produced by magnet 30 only after it has been reproduced 85 by one of the magnets 18 to 23 inclusive; A signaling system employing the apparatus of Fig. 1 for twoway transmission between stations may be connected up, for example, in the way illustrated schematically in Fig. 2. 85 represents a transmission line interconnecting a station A and a station Bf Line 85 at station A terminates in a threewinding transformer 86 and an artificial line 87. The midpoints of the line winding of transformer 86 may be connected by leads 88 to leads 31 of apparatus of Fig. 1, shown as block 89, the block 10 of Fig. 1 being. of

course, a suitable source of signals such as a telephone transmitter. Block 90 which is connected to the third winding of the transformer 86 is intended to represent the apparatus of Fig. 1, adapted to receive the distorted signals from station B. Similarly. line 85 at station B terminates in a threcm winding transformer 91 and an artificial line 92. Block 93 is connected to the mid-points of' the line windings of transformer 91 and is intended to represent transmitting apparatus such as that shown in Fig. 1, while block 94: is connected to the third winding of transformer 91 and is intended to represent the apparatus of Fig. 1 adapted to receive distorted signalsfroin-station A.

It is to be understood that this invention may be variously modified from the form above described without departing in any wise fromthe spirit of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. The method of signaling which comprises dividing the signals into portions of signal waves, arbitrarily arranging said portions of the signal wave in a different order, and impressing upon a signaling line 2. The method of signaling which comportions of signal waves with respect to the order in which they were generated, arranging said portions in a different order, reversing the order of each portion of the signal waves with respect to the order in which they were generated, changing in an irregular manner the frequency of. each per: tion of the signal wave, and impressing the modified signals upon an outgoing line.

3. The method of signaling which comprises dividin thesignals into portions of signal wave, 0 anging the frequency of each portions of the signal waves in an irregular manner, and impressing such portions on a signaling line in an irregular order with respect to their origination. 1

4. The method of signaling which comprises dividing the signals into groups, rearranging said signals in an arbitrary order with respect to their natural sequence, reversing a plurality of saidgroups with respect to their original order and impress ing the modified signals upon a line.

5. The method of signaling whirh comprises, at atransmitting station, dividing the signals into portions of signal waves, rearranging said portions of the signal waves in an arbitrary order with respect to their natural sequence, reversing a plurality of said portions ofthe signal wave with re spect to the order in which they were generated, and, at a receiving station, reversing the reversed portions of the signal wave nets to be responsive in an arbitrar with respect to their original order, rearranging said portionsoi the signal wave in their natural sequence, and impressing the signals upon a receiving device.

6. The method of signaling which coniprises transmitting signals reversed with respect to the order in which they were generated, and irregularly varying the frequency of said signals.

7. The method of signaling which com prises dividing the signals into groups, rcrersing the order of said groups with respect to their originalorder, and arbitrarily varying the frequency of said groups.

8. The method of signaling which comprises generating atrain of electric waves, reversing with respect to time certain portions of said waves, and arbitrarily varying the frequency of-said waves. i

9.. The method of signaling which comprises generating a train of signals, changing the order of said train with respect to its original order, reversing with respect to the order in which the portions of said train were generated, and cyclically varying at a low frequencythe frequency of said train. 10. A signaling system comprising 'a source of signals, a line, a wire of magnetic material, a plurality of recording magnets for said wire, means for causing said'magorder to said source, means .for moving said wire,

memes means for moving said recording magnets in a direction of the motion of said wire at a greater speed than said wire, and means for impressing the recorded signals upon said line;

11. A. signaling system comprising a source of signals, a line, a plurality of means for making a record of said signals, means for causing said recording means to be responsive in an arbitraryorder to said source, means for impressing the recorded signals upon said line, and means for moving said last means in an arbitrary manner.

. 12. A signaling system comprising a source of signals, a line, a wire of magnetic material, a plurality of recording magnets for said wire, means for causing said magnets to be responsive in an arbitrary order to said source, a reproducing magnet for impressing the recorded signals upon said line, and means for causing the moving of said reproducer while reproducing.

13. A signaling system comprising a source of signals, a line, a wire of magnetic material, a plurality of recording ma nets for said wire, means for causing said recording magnets to be responsive in an arbitrary order to said source, means for moving said wire, means for moving said *recordingmagnets at a speed twice the speed of said wire,- a reproducing magnet for impressing the recorded signals upon said line, and means for imparting an irregular motion to said reproducing magnet.

14. In combination, a signaling line, a source of signals, a plurality of electroresponsive devices sequentially responsive in an arbitrary order to impress signals upon said line, and means for rotating each of said devices while'in operation.

15. Incombination, a signaling line, a source of signals, a plurality of electrore- 'sponsive devices sequentially responsive in an arbitrary order to impress signals-upon said line, and means for moving said devices continuously.

16..In combination, a source of signals, a plurality of electroresponsive devices s'electively responsive in an arbitrary order to said source for reproducing a record of said signals, means for causing said devices to record portions of said signals in an order reversed wtih respect to that in which they were generated, a line. and means for cyclically varying at a low frequency the frequencies of therecorded signals before impressing the signals upon said line.

17. A method of signaling which comprises continuously generating a, signal wave, dividing said signal wave into arbiprises generating a signal wave, dividing said wave into arbitrary portions, revers ing the order of the components within cer tain portions and transmitting successively generated portions in successively difierent sequence.

19. A method of signaling which comprises generating a signal wave, dividing said Wave into arbitrary portions, reversing the order of the components within certain of said portions and transmitting the resultant wave to a distant point.

20. The method of signaling which com-- prises generating'a signal wave, dividing said wave into arbitrary portions, reversin the order of the components within each 0 said portions and transmitting said portions to a distant point in a different sequence from that in which they were generated.

21. A method of signaling which comprises generating a. signal wave, dividing said wave into arbitrary portions, rearrangf ing the sequenceof said portions andtransmitting the resultant wave .to a distant point at a continuously varying, frequency. 22. A method of signaling which com prises generating a slgnal wave, dividing said wave mto arbitrary portions, reversing the order of the components within each of said portions, changing the sequence of said portions and transmitting the resultant waves at varying frequency.

23. A metnod of sound recording which comprises generating a signal wave, dividin said wave into ortions and recording said portions in suc manner that the arrangement of the components within each portion is reversed.

24. A method of signaling which com- 1 prises generating a s1g1-al wave, dividing said wave into portions, rearranging the sequence of said portions, reversing the arrangement of the components within. said portions, recording the resultant wave and said portions and means transmitting the recorded wave to a distant point.

25. A sound record, means to move said record continuously in the same direction and means for recording sound on said record, said recording means being movable in the same direction as said sound record but at a substantially greater speed.

26. A sound record, means to move said record continuously in one direction, a sound reproducing means cooperating therewith and means for moving said sound reproducing means continuously in the same direction and at a greater speed.

27. A method of signaling which comprises dividing the signals into portions of the signalin wave in an irregular manner,

' reversing the arrangement of the components within each portion and impressing said portions on a signal line in a different sequence from that in which they were generated.

28. A system for receiving a signal wave composed of a plurality of individual portions, comprising means for separating said portions, means for reversing the arrangement of the components within certain of for impressing the resultant waves [on a sound reproducing device in a sequence different from that in which they were received.

29. A s1gnal receiving device comprising a movable wire of magnetic material, a plurality of reproducing magnets for said wire, means for moving said magnets in the same direction and at a reater speed than said wire, a sound repro ucing means and means for connecting said sound reproducing means with said reproducing magnets in an arbitrary order.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 14th da of May A. D., 1921. 1 RALP V. L. HARTLEY. 

